Tag: Women’s Liberation

  • Podcast Episode: Language, Politics, And Cinema

    Pip: Welcome to The Flaneur Diaries podcast, where we follow the bylines so you don't have to get lost alone. Today's episode covers a lot of ground — Kashmir's forgotten castes, satirical startup advice for patriotic entrepreneurs, a 1974 feminist film hiding inside an exploitation poster, and the Arabic hiding inside your everyday Hindustani.

    Mara: All of it from nandini sen. The posts range from on-the-ground reportage to literary criticism to linguistics — different registers, same restless curiosity. Let's start with political identity and who gets left out of the big national story.

    Kashmir's Forgotten Castes and the Cost of Big Politics

    Pip: The abrogation of Article 370 generated enormous debate about conflict and sovereignty, but the piece Fragile, Floating Lives asks a different question entirely — what happens to the communities nobody was arguing about in the first place?

    Mara: The post profiles the Watals and Hanjis, marginalized service castes at the base of Kashmir's caste hierarchy. Here is how one resident, Mohd. Shaffi, frames the ceiling on his own mobility: "Though I belong to a family of hereditary fishermen, I work as an ASI and no longer rely on fishing to earn a livelihood. However a Hanji must always remain a Hanji."

    Pip: So a government job moves the income but not the address, not the social category, not the ghetto. The upward mobility is real and also strictly bounded.

    Mara: And the political situation compounds it. Most residents interviewed expressed neither enthusiasm for Azaadi nor trust in the Indian government. One anonymous source put it plainly: "It is common knowledge that the Indian Government wants Kashmir, not Kashmiris." The post notes that post-abrogation, earlier ambivalence has hardened into deeper distrust.

    Pip: The second post in this theme, How to be an Atmanirbhar Deshbhakt, approaches the same government from a very different angle — five satirical startup ideas for self-reliant patriots, including a restaurant that only serves food the ruling party approves of.

    Mara: Right, and that piece is doing something structurally similar — it uses absurdist humor to surface real data, like youth unemployment reaching 16.2 percent in June 2026 according to the Periodic Labour Force Survey. The satire is the delivery mechanism for the statistic, not a substitute for it.

    Pip: The Hanji fisherman and the pakora-seller are not so far apart, which may be the point.

    Mara: From political identity, the writing itself is worth a look.

    Writing on Instinct, Not Audience

    Pip: The short post I Don't Tailor My Writing to Popular Tastes is almost a manifesto — it answers the question of how to write what people want to read by declining the premise entirely.

    Mara: The answer is direct: "I write what I think I should write about, what others should know about because it's funny, or serious, or simply interesting to find out. I write stuff that would have fascinated me, if I were the reader. Most of all, I write what appears as a seed in my head and asks to be watered and looked after."

    Pip: Instinct as method. No audience research, no optimization — just tend the idea until it becomes an article.

    Mara: And the honesty in the follow-up matters. The post doesn't dress this up as a philosophy. It immediately adds, "I hope I don't sound cocky. I really do wish I knew more about what people actually want to read." That combination of conviction and genuine uncertainty is what makes it land.

    Pip: Which is also, incidentally, a fair description of the Fragile, Floating Lives approach — go to the place, talk to the people, write what you find.

    Mara: From how the writing works to what it looks at — a 1974 film that still reads as current.

    A 1974 Feminist Film That Still Lands

    Pip: The Working Girls gets the full critical treatment — a 1974 American indie exploitation film that turns out to be a precise portrait of young women hustling through economic precarity.

    Mara: The post frames the film's opening scene as the thesis statement. Honey, unable to pay for a meal, offers to help the restaurant manager with work. He leeringly suggests another form of payment. Her response: she begins stripping immediately, right there, until he panics and throws her out. The post reads this as Honey transferring "the stigma of offering sex to the man who demands sex."

    Pip: One gesture that reverses the entire power dynamic. Fifty years old and still a clean move.

    Mara: The post traces director Stephanie Rothman's career — mentored by Roger Corman, made several cult films, then found the industry simply would not meet with her. Producers, the post notes, "didn't want to see a woman wield that kind of power." The film's feminist architecture and its maker's fate are the same argument.

    Pip: And the post makes the case for cross-cultural relevance — scenes about landlord rules, unmarried women as social threats, and a boyfriend who thinks hitting a partner is acceptable all translate directly to a 2026 Indian context.

    Mara: From cinema to the language that runs underneath all of it.

    The Arabic Hiding in Everyday Hindustani

    Pip: The linguistics post Arabic Elements in Hindustani starts with a simple observation — why do so many Hindustani words sound alike — and then answers it with a full structural explanation.

    Mara: The answer is Arabic verbal noun patterns. The post explains: "Most of these are really verbal nouns of derived trilateral verbs in Arabic, meaning verbs formed by adding one or more letters to the basic verb, to form another verb with a different meaning." That shared skeleton is why Imtehaan, Intezaar, and Iraada all rhyme.

    Pip: So the resemblance is not coincidence — it is grammar. The words were built from the same molds.

    Mara: The post catalogs four categories beyond verbal nouns: Arabic plurals, active participles, passive participles, and everyday vocabulary. Words like Kitaab, Kursi, Aadmi, Waqt — the post points out that most speakers use at least a dozen of these daily without registering them as Arabic at all.

    Pip: The political implication is left implicit but is hard to miss — the language that right-wing nationalism treats as foreign infrastructure is load-bearing.

    Mara: The post closes by invoking Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb, the syncretic culture of northern India, and asks a practical question: "How far can you purify the language you speak?" Mixing, it argues, is not contamination. It is how languages survive.

    Pip: Which rhymes with everything else in this episode — identity, instinct, cinema, grammar. All of it is about what you carry without knowing it.


    Mara: Kashmir's service castes, a satirical jobs guide, a 1974 film, and the Arabic in your Hindustani — the thread is the same: what gets overlooked when the bigger story takes all the room.

    Pip: Next time, we'll see what else theflaneurdiaries.com has been quietly tending. More seeds, presumably.

  • The Working Girls: An Underrated Gem of Feminist Cinema Packaged in Sleaze

    Despite the film’s poster and trailer portraying it as a sleaze fest, The Working Girls deserves to be watched because it addresses the quotidian anxieties that can evoke a sense of déjà vu even in the second quarter of the 21st century.

    Photo credit: Via Wikipedia / Promotional poster © Dimension Pictures. Used under Fair Use.

    In the opening scene of The Working Girls, an American indie film released in 1974, Honey (Sarah Kennedy) walks into a barbecue restaurant and orders a rib dinner. After finishing, she goes up to the manager’s counter and politely confesses that she does not have the money to pay him for the dinner. She promptly offers to compensate him in another way; she could help him out at work, she suggests. The manager says he doesn’t need any help and, instead, leeringly suggests she could pay him back in ‘another way’. ‘Oh yeah, there’s that,’ she scowls. When the man asks her to wait till he closes his restaurant, she tells him she can’t, and to his utter consternation, begins stripping right then and there. Flummoxed and embarrassed, he stops her and throws her out of his eatery. Thus in one swift action, Honey transfers the stigma of offering sex to the man who demands sex. 

    With a blues-themed harmonica playing in the background, the very first scene establishes the tone of the film to follow — melancholic in a lighthearted way but also scathing in its social commentary on the ubiquity of lewd men and predicament of young women. 

    Every Working Girl Has a Story 

    Widely described as an exploitation film — a genre of sensational, low-budget films that flourished in the 1960s and 70s and featured gratuitous nudity, sexual situations, gore, mayhem, and violence — The Working Girls was pioneering indie filmmaker Stephanie Rothman’s last film. Despite the film’s poster and trailer portraying it as a sleaze fest, it rests on anything but titillation. Indeed, it’s a remarkable portrait of three young women grappling with the hardships of migrant, urban living — unemployment, lack of money, avaricious landlords, untrustworthy boyfriends, and lascivious men.

    Video Credit: Channel Grindbin Podcast on Youtube 

    Protagonists of The Working Girls, Honey, an unemployed pragmatist with a Math degree; Denise (Laurie Rose), a kind-hearted poster artist, and Jill (Lynne Guthrie), a part-time waitress and stripper studying to be a lawyer, are hardly sirens who are out to seduce and fleece men as the poster’s salacious innuendo-filled tagline ‘They’ll do anything for money!’ would seem to suggest. In fact, each has a high sense of self-respect and finds herself in less-than-favourable situations precisely because she won’t do anything for money. 

    Honey, given shelter by Denise in the little apartment she shares with Jill and Roger, a nude model, puts an ad for a job in the newspaper. After Honey arranges for the arrest of a lady who hires her to kill her husband, she gets noticed by eccentric businessman Vernon (Solomon Sturges), who hires Honey to work for him. Much to Honey’s dismay though, she is paid to do nothing except listen to Vernon. When she begins offering him some sound business advice, Vernon is dismissive and condescending, betraying his entrenched male chauvinism. It is this advice in the end that makes Vernon, albeit belatedly, realise Honey’s value. Honey subsequently comes of her own and gets a chance to act on her magnanimous nature. 

    Then there’s Denise, a talented poster and sign artist who decides to shelter Honey despite the latter being completely penniless. Denise makes beautiful paintings, including male nudes, when she’s not wielding her paintbrush on street corners and billboards. While there is an initial tiff between Honey and Denise because Denise begins dating Mike (Ken Del Conte), a busker, brought home by Honey, there is genuine affection between the two. In fact, one of the film’s underlying themes can well be said to be the female camaraderie between Honey and Denise. 

    Finally, there’s Jill who steadfastly sticks to her goal of becoming a lawyer, paying for her studies through her work as a waitress, and later stripper, at Sidney’s (Gene Elman) The Tiger’s Tail strip club. She begins a relationship with Nick (Mark Thomas), a suave local gangster who collects protection money from Sidney, and reveals his misogyny early in the film when he warns Sidney that Jill is not the stripper type because ‘she’s too smart’. When Sidney gives Jill the responsibility of managing the club in his absence, she does it so efficiently that he permanently elevates her to the position of manager. 

    The Backdrop

    In October 1973, Arab members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) imposed an oil embargo against the United States in retaliation for the U.S. decision to resupply the Israeli military with ammunition during the Yom Kippur War. The resulting oil shock exacerbated an economic downturn, contributing to the stagflation, soaring unemployment, and skyrocketing prices that characterised the period. By the time the recession ended in March 1975, annual inflation had exceeded 10 percent, and unemployment had reached nearly nine percent. 

    It is against this backdrop that The Working Girls unfolds. The film captures the era’s zeitgeist through the white, working-class protagonists themselves. Honey’s ad in the newspaper says she is willing to do any sort of work, while Jill transitions from waitress to stripper primarily to earn more. Even Denise barely scrapes through and is unable to put her artistic talents to good use. Each is essentially a gig worker hustling to make ends meet. Even the boyfriends are shady. Mike the busker turns out to be a petty thug and Nick unashamedly pursues a life of crime. 

    The Filmmaker 

    In a bitter twist of irony, the woman who made this deeply feminist film encountered insurmountable misogyny which abruptly stalled her potentially brilliant career.

    A woman with long grey hair and glasses speaks into a microphone, set against a red curtain backdrop.

    The film director, Stephanie Rothman in 2024. 

    Photo credit: Via Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0 

    Mentored by Roger Corman, King of the B-movies, early in her career, Rothman made several ostensibly pulp movies that have since become cult classics. Apart from The Working Girls, these include The Student Nurses (1970), The Velvet Vampire (1971), and Terminal Island (1973). While other young directors who cut their teeth with Corman went on to make movie history — Martin Scorsese, Jonathan Kaplan, Peter Bogdanovich, Francis Ford Coppola and James Cameron among others — Rothman’s career came to a sudden halt.  

    After The Working Girls, Rothman tried to scramble out of the exploitation genre, but failed. In various interviews, Rothman has openly lamented that she was stigmatised by the films she had made and that no-one would give her the chance to make more ambitious films even though she had the skills. Despite having the assistance of good agents, the overwhelmingly male producers of the time would not even agree to meet her because she was a woman and they didn’t want to see a woman wield that kind of power. Finally, after nearly a decade of struggle, she gave up, bringing an end to what could have been an illustrious career. 

    In a 2016 interview with Interview, Rothman was asked how she felt watching a film like The Student Nurses again. Her reply was poignant. ‘Well, it’s like visiting an old friend. I feel a mixture of, how shall I put it? Satisfaction and regret. Regret that I couldn’t have made more films.’ 

    Why It’s Still Relevant 

    As a quintessentially feminist film centred on themes such as the agency of women, The Working Girls is suffused with a measure of universalism. 

    Honey, Denise and Jill are all strong women who, despite being in dire straits, refuse to be exploited. They are not ashamed of their sexuality. Honey takes an instant liking to Mike and has no qualms about inviting him home for sex. Likewise, Denise and Mike are quickly attracted to one another. When Honey storms out of Denise’s flat in a fit of rage on being told that Denise and Mike are now in love, Denise is genuinely concerned, seeks her out on the beach with Mike, and brings her back home. Jill is ambitious and headstrong, but also carries her own contradictions. That she thinks ‘there’s no justice’ in being paid so much money for stripping for a few minutes a night, but agrees to do it nevertheless, reveals the dichotomy. 

    In a humorous scene, Jill asks Katya (Cassandra Peterson), the club’s head stripper, how she can stand all those lecherous men looking at her body. She tells Jill she has a ‘secret weapon’ — she imagines the audience with no clothes on. Armed with this one trick, Jill finds it much easier to  perform her first stripping act, successfully putting an inverse spin on the idea of an erotic performer being an ‘object’ without sentience. 

    But writing from an Indian perspective — having never lived in the West — I found the film to hold extraordinary relevance in 2026, divided by time and place while we may be. 

    The early scene in which Honey listens to Denise explain the numerous rules for tenants renting the flat she is painting a signboard for — first and last month’s rent to be paid in advance, no pets, no objects on the walls, no loud music, and so on — will at once resonate with younger millennials and Gen-Z youngsters who are living in metropolises, away from their hometowns. 

    Later in the film, Denise tells Honey they are being kicked out by the landlord as he wishes to sell his building and doesn’t want Denise to manage it anymore because ‘he thinks the way we live will scare off the buyers.’ This scene will easily find a cultural equivalent in our country where independent, unmarried women are seen as a threat to our ‘sanskar’ (moral values).

    The quarrel between Jill and Nick towards the end of the film could well have taken place between a young Indian couple. Jill wants to break up with Nick, but Nick doesn’t wish to let her go. He wrenches her arm and menacingly tells her, ‘What are you so pissed off about? Because I hit you? Some women like that.’ Jill promptly lands a resounding slap across Nick’s cheek and tells him, ‘So do some men!’ 

    If marriage to a wealthy man is what young women are expected to aspire to, Jill flatly declines Nick’s proposal to marry her — not least because she thinks he is a crook and won’t turn over a new leaf. I am sure Jill would have many young women cheering for her. 

    Don’t Judge By Its Cover… 

    I am not recommending you watch The Working Girls because it is intellectual or spreads ideas of class revolution or political insurrection. It makes no such pretensions. Indeed, it has its fair share of fun and fluff. I think this film deserves to be watched because, notwithstanding its lurid, grindhouse film exterior, it addresses the quotidian anxieties that can evoke a sense of déjà vu even in the second quarter of the 21st century. 

    While mainstream Hollywood was churning out blockbusters like Blazing Saddles, The Towering Inferno and Earthquake that deflected attention from the economic uncertainty bedevilling ordinary people, a small film like The Working Girls, without making an overt political statement, presented a realistic portrayal of young people struggling for a better life. 

    Above all, it wasn’t another example of bread and circuses coming from Hollywood. It promised no escape; it offered no great spectacle. And precisely that’s why, perhaps, it needs to be watched. 

    The Working Girls is currently streaming on Mubi.